Energy and Environment

Environment: are the elements of living and non-living all that are found on the Earth's surface and above and below, enjoy fresh air and its various components and energy sources, rivers, lakes, oceans, soil and living from humans and animals and plants, all these elements together are the components of the environment.

Energy: is the mean temperature, light and electricity and the ability to accomplish useful work, and you need to all sectors of society, and every movement by the human need to consume a type of energy, can be defined power as the ability completion of a significant impact (work) and the energy can not cease to exist or develop, but it also turns from one form to another, such as conversion of wind energy into electrical energy, mechanical, or convert chemical energy into heat, or convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy (pumping stations) or convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and electricity (hydroelectric plants)

mperature, light and electricity and the ability to accompli

Global environmental problems:

  1 - global warming

Global warming (Green house), a phenomenon which manufactured greenhouse gases as it allows for solar access to the Earth's surface and absorb thermal radiation of the Earth's surface, so that these rays remain trapped in the earth's atmosphere, thereby causing further warming.

 

Greenhouse gas Green house Gases:

Of the most important of these gases CO2 gas which is the most impact, followed by other gases, the most important (methane and nitrous oxide, and chlorine compounds, and ozone)

 Effects of global warming:

- The high temperature of the Earth
- Rising sea levels and ocean
- Low rainfall: the expectation of higher temperature of the earth to lead to low rates of rainfall, especially in arid and semi-dry and accompanied by a decrease inventory of surface water and groundwater is not due to low rainfall only, but because of increased evaporation, and the impact on water requirements for agriculture and industry and drinking water, water quality will also become more salty.
2 - Ozone depletion (Ozone Depletion)
Ozone is a fundamental article of life on Earth, because it absorbs a great deal of ultraviolet radiation from the sun and thus represent the Ozone Layer (Ozone sphere) shield protects the organisms that live on the surface of the Earth from the harmful effects of UV radiation.

3 - acid rain (Acid rain):

Acid rain (Acid rain) is the main cause of acid rain are power plants, oil refineries and large industries that release large amounts of pollutants, primarily sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides.
Harmful effects of acid rain on the environment:
- To reduce the yield of plants and deforestation and the reduction of growth.
- Limit the proliferation of marine life and fish.
- Disappearance of a food item from the soil and aquatic ecosystems.
- Reduction of the activities of micro-organisms.
- Acid rain affecting the quality of drinking water.

4- Desertification (Desertification):

Is the degradation of land (soil and water at the local level and the land surface and vegetation  including crop) in the arid and semi-arid and sub-humid areas resulting from climatic changes and human activities and the irrational aspects of desertification, such as:

- Topsoil erosion, the encroachment of sand and vegetation degradation and salinization of soil and dust in the air. Of international conventions dealing with the environment - the Kyoto Protocol.

- Kyoto Protocol (in English: Kyoto) This agreement represents a move executive of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC), an international environmental treaty out of the light at the United Nations Conference on environment and Development (UNCED), known as the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, in 1992. The objective of this Treaty to achieve "stabilization of the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a level that prevents the change in the climate system .